Florida Spiny Lobster is a prized catch for both recreational and commercial fishermen along the Sunshine State's coastline. Known for their delicious, sweet meat and unique flavor, these lobsters are especially sought after during the annual mini lobster season, which draws enthusiasts eager to take advantage of the abundant marine resource.
With their distinct appearance, characterized by long antennae and a spiny shell, Florida Spiny Lobsters are not only a culinary favorite but also an integral part of the local ecosystem. This article will explore the best practices for catching these lobsters, including tips on gear, techniques, and regulations to ensure a successful and sustainable fishing experience.
The Florida spiny lobster is known for its long, spiny antennae, which can be over twice the length of its body. Its body is covered with a hard exoskeleton that is typically a reddish-brown color adorned with blue and yellow markings, especially on the claws and around the eyes. The Florida spiny lobster lacks large pincers, instead having small, spiny appendages that aid in locomotion and defense. Additionally, the spiny lobster has a flattened tail that allows for powerful swimming.
In contrast, the shovelnose lobster, or shovelnose crayfish, has a more distinctively shaped body with a broader, flatter head resembling a shovel, which gives it its name. This species also features large, prominent claws that can be quite noticeable compared to the slender appendages of the Florida spiny lobster. The coloration of shovelnose lobsters tends to vary but often includes shades of brown or green with lighter spots or bands. Shovelnose lobsters typically inhabit different environments than spiny lobsters, preferring deeper waters and sandy or muddy substrates. Observing these physical traits and habitat preferences can help in accurately distinguishing between these two types of lobsters.
During the 8-month long season, beginning annually on August 6th and lasting until March 31st, individuals can catch up to 6 bugs (a friendly nickname for the Spiny Lobster) per harvester per day. Just like with most saltwater species, harvesters must have a current Florida license with a lobster stamp to catch these delicious creatures. All lobsters caught in federal waters should remain whole at all times until the hunter gets them on shore. Separating the tail from the head while in, on or below water is prohibited at all times.
While hunting for lobsters, individuals will need to have an up-to-date fishing license, dive down flag and a lobster gauge to measure the lobsters to make sure they fall within the acceptable guidelines. Spears, wire snares, hooks and any other tools that can puncture the lobsters’ shells are prohibited. The dive down flag, if on a boat, must be 20 inches x 24 inches with a stiffener and must be at the highest point and visible at all angles. If you are diving with one attached to you, it must be 12 inches x 12 inches.
With the lobster gauge, it is crucial to measure the bug in the water to ascertain if it is acceptable to be caught. The carapace must be at least 3 inches long, and when the tail is separated from the head (on land only), it must be greater than 5.5 inches. Female lobsters that are carrying eggs below their tales must be released back into the water.
For true lovers of the Spiny Lobster Hunt there is an annual 2-day mini season at the end of July.
The mini-season for spiny lobster hunting in Florida typically occurs on the last consecutive Wednesday and Thursday of July. This two-day event allows recreational divers and snorkelers to catch spiny lobsters before the regular lobster season opens on August 6th. During the mini-season, participants are allowed to take up to 12 lobsters per person per day, provided they adhere to size limits and other regulations set by the Florida FWC. It's a popular time for both locals and tourists, attracting thousands of people eager to enjoy the thrill of lobster hunting in Florida's warm waters.
If you're new to lobster hunting, don’t worry; getting started doesn’t have to be expensive. A basic lobster kit includes the essentials: gloves (to protect your hands from the lobsters' spines), a tickle stick (for gently coaxing lobsters out of their holes), and a net (for safely scooping them up). You'll also need a 12-inch by 12-inch dive flag, a lobster gauge, and a mesh bag for holding your catch, which are important for beginners.
If you’re like most people and can't hold your breath for long or aren't an Olympic swimmer, using snorkeling or diving gear will significantly improve your chances of staying underwater long enough to reach your daily catch limit. When diving from a boat, it’s required to have a dive flag that measures 20 inches by 24 inches, visible from all angles, and to stay within 100-300 feet of the vessel at all times.
An advanced tool called a tail snare can help you catch these spiny creatures. Simply loop the snare around the lobster's tail, tighten it, and you’ll have a good grip on your tasty catch.
There are also some additional tools that can enhance your experience. Sea Doo scooters, while on the pricier side, allow hunters to move quickly between spots. Marker buoys are useful if a lobster escapes; you can mark its hole and return later to try again. A submergible flashlight is handy for spotting lobsters hiding deep in their dens, helping you see them even when they’re tucked away.
Lobsters are nocturnal creatures, meaning they are active at night and rest during the day. If you enjoy fishing and are willing to venture out into deeper waters, you can find them at night without much trouble. However, most hunters tend to fish during the day when lobsters hide in holes, under rocks, near reefs, and around pilings to escape the sun and prepare for their nighttime feeding.
The southeast coast of Florida and the Keys are the prime locations for catching spiny lobsters. As you head north, lobsters generally grow larger due to lower fishing pressure.
The Northwest Coast is home to more shovelnose lobsters than spiny lobsters. However, if you catch a spiny lobster in the northern Gulf, expect it to be larger than average due to less fishing activity. The Florida Panhandle features numerous artificial reefs, but hunters must go offshore into waters close to 100 feet deep. In northern areas, traveling over 10 miles offshore is common for lobster hunting. Shovelnose lobsters can be caught without restrictions as long as they are not carrying eggs.
For those near Tampa, you’ll be pleased to know that spiny lobsters can weigh over 15 pounds. The low fishing pressure allows them to grow large and they are often found by those targeting other saltwater species. If you love lobsters, take advantage of this area’s fewer sport fishermen and spend the next eight months catching your limit.
The Southwest Gulf Coast is less favorable for lobster fishing due to its sandy ocean floor and sparse reefs. To find lobsters here, you need to travel over 50 miles offshore into deeper waters.
The Florida Keys are a hotspot for lobster hunters due to their warm waters year-round and numerous shipwrecks and reefs that create ideal conditions for lobsters. Unfortunately, overfishing has led to smaller sizes, with the average lobster weighing around 1 pound. However, they still taste fantastic, and each harvester can catch up to six per day.
The middle Keys are particularly popular for lobster fishing because there are fewer no-take areas, allowing hunters to catch lobsters on both the Atlantic and Bay sides. In contrast, the upper Keys have many protected areas, so it's best to venture about three miles out into federal waters if you want to catch lobsters there. The lower Keys boast abundant reefs and wrecks that serve as breeding grounds.
The Northeast Atlantic is home to some impressive lobsters, weighing between 5 and 15 pounds. While reefs are generally farther offshore in this region, making the effort can result in a rewarding catch.
As you head towards central Florida, lobsters remain sizable but are less plentiful than in the southern waters. The central Atlantic offers both inshore and offshore reefs and opportunities for shore diving, making it more likely to catch lobsters compared to the northern areas, where they can still reach weights of up to 5 pounds.
In southern Atlantic waters, spiny lobsters are typically around 1-2 pounds. However, with a daily bag limit of six lobsters, this compensates for their smaller size. Although there is a larger harvest in the south resulting in smaller lobsters, they are equally delicious and fun to catch. The abundance of reefs and wrecks enhances your chances of finding them. Keep in mind that lobsters like to hide in holes during the day, so diving just 50 yards off the beach should yield plenty of both spiny and shovelnose lobsters.
Cooking and enjoying your fresh spiny lobster can be a delightful culinary experience. Spiny lobsters are known for their sweet, succulent meat and versatile cooking options. Popular recipes often highlight the natural flavors of the lobster, with classic preparations including lobster bisque, lobster rolls, and grilled lobster tails. For a simple yet elegant dish, consider preparing a garlic butter sauce to drizzle over grilled or boiled lobster, enhancing its rich flavor while keeping the preparation straightforward.
When it comes to cooking spiny lobster, several methods can bring out the best in this delicious seafood. Boiling is one of the most common techniques, where the lobsters are cooked in salted water until they turn bright red, usually around 8-12 minutes depending on size. Grilling adds a smoky flavor that pairs well with the lobster's sweetness; lightly brush the lobster with olive oil and seasonings before placing it on a hot grill. Baking is another great option, especially for stuffed lobsters. Simply fill the lobster tail with a mixture of breadcrumbs, garlic, and herbs, then bake until the meat is opaque and tender.
For serving suggestions, spiny lobster can be complemented by a variety of sides and wines. Classic accompaniments include drawn butter, lemon wedges, and a fresh green salad. For a heartier meal, consider serving it alongside roasted vegetables and garlic mashed potatoes. In terms of wine pairings, a chilled glass of Sauvignon Blanc or Chardonnay works beautifully with spiny lobster, as the acidity balances the richness of the meat. Whether enjoyed in a casual setting or during a special occasion, fresh spiny lobster is sure to impress with its flavor and versatility.
The annual spiny lobster season in Florida offers a unique opportunity for both locals and visitors to engage in an exciting underwater adventure while enjoying the delicious rewards of their catch. By adhering to the established rules and regulations, lobster harvesters can ensure a sustainable and enjoyable experience. From the mini lobster season to the various prime locations across the state, there are numerous ways to enjoy this popular pastime. Whether you’re a seasoned diver or a beginner, equipping yourself with the right gear and knowledge will enhance your chances of a successful hunt. Ultimately, the thrill of catching and cooking fresh spiny lobster is a memorable way to savor the flavors of Florida's coastal waters.
